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Temporomandibular disorders represent a group of musculoskeletal conditions that share common signs and symptoms. Identification of the specific diagnostic entity involved in each case is essential prior to the development of a case specific plan of management. Diagnosis of TMD may be extremely challenging due to the complexity of sensory innervation of the head and neck, the frequency of referred pain in the region, and the uniqueness of each individual's pain experience. Part I of this comprehensive series will present general principles of examination, differential diagnosis, and management of patients with TMD. Special emphasis will be placed on the multifaceted aspects of a well-structured history taking process. A sequential format for clinical examination of the temporomandibular joints, head and neck musculature, and occlusal function will be described in detail. Clinical characteristics and management considerations for the various subgroups of intracapsular and extracapsular disorders will be presented